- TypeScript – Classes
public, private and protected, and why TypeScript's private is a compile-time promise while #private is a runtime one. readonly, parameter properties and the build flag that bans them, abstract classes, implements versus extends, and subclassing Error so the UI can tell a rejected write from a server that fell over.
- NestJS – Middleware
The outermost layer, and the only one that is not really Nest — it is Express, with a class around it. What that buys and what it costs, why there is no APP_MIDDLEWARE token, and the question that decides between middleware and an interceptor: does this need to run even when a guard rejects the request?
- Spring Study Guide – Data Integration
Data access, transactions and JPA. Why Spring's exception hierarchy is unchecked, what JdbcTemplate does with a connection, what @Transactional actually generates, the seven propagation modes and the four isolation levels, the default rollback rule and how to change it, the persistence context and when it flushes, and how a Spring Data repository interface becomes a working implementation.
- Java 25 Other Improvements
Java 25 is the current LTS. The features with their own posts — compact source files , gatherers and flexible constructors — are the visible ones. This collects what else arrived between 21 and 25. Scoped values A replacement for ThreadLocal , and the reason it exists is virtual threads . A…
- Backend Dev – HTTP and API Design
The contract you hand to every other team. What HTTP actually gives you — methods, status codes, headers, idempotency — how to shape URLs and payloads so they survive the next feature, why a DTO is not busywork, validating input at the edge, one error format for the whole API, pagination, and versioning before you need it.