- Spring Boot – Server-Rendered Pages with Thymeleaf
Not every page needs a JavaScript framework. A @Controller that returns a view name, the Thymeleaf syntax worth knowing, layout fragments, and rendering the same template to a string for an email body. Includes when to reach for this instead of a REST endpoint, and when not to.
- React – Forms and Controlled Inputs
A controlled input is one whose value comes from state, which is what makes validation, formatting and disabled submit buttons possible at all. value plus onChange, one handler for many fields, checkboxes and selects and radios, submitting without reloading the page, and useId for labels that actually work.
- Python – f-strings and Formatting
Formatting text the modern way. f-strings, the format spec that lines up currency and columns, `=` for debugging, what changed in 3.12, and the two older styles you will still meet in real code and should not write.
- Streams
A stream lets you describe what you want done to a collection instead of writing the loop that does it. It is the single biggest change in how Java is written since Java 8, and the mental model is small: a source, some intermediate operations, and one terminal operation that makes it all run. The…
- Spring Boot – GraphQL
One endpoint, one schema, and a client that decides what comes back. Queries, mutations and the annotations that map them, the batch loader that stops nested fields becoming an N+1, and the two things REST gave you for free that GraphQL does not: a status code, and URL rules that can tell an admin call from a public one.